First, the protein is crystallized. This process takes a few days to several weeks. If no crystallization condition is known, a crystallization screening must first be carried out.
2. Synchrotron shipment
Once the crystals have reached a sufficient size, they are transferred to liquid nitrogen and sent to the synchrotron (particle accelerator).
3. Synchrotron measurement
At the synchrotron, the crystals are bombarded with X-rays. The radiation diffracted by the crystal lattice is measure by a detector.
4. Structure solution
The electron density distribution in the protein crystal can be calculated from the diffraction pattern and the structure of the protein can thus be solved.